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Compare Cambodia (2001) - Turks and Caicos Islands (2007)
Compare Cambodia (2001) z Turks and Caicos Islands (2007)
| Cambodia (2001) | Turks and Caicos Islands (2007) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 20 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural); Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Keb*, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pailin*, Phnum Penh*, Pouthisat, Preah Seihanu* (Sihanoukville), Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
41.25% (male 2,626,821; female 2,526,510) 15-64 years: 55.28% (male 3,253,611; female 3,651,129) 65 years and over: 3.47% (male 177,577; female 255,853) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 31.3% (male 3,466/female 3,345)
15-64 years: 64.8% (male 7,398/female 6,690) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 394/female 453) (2007 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | rice, rubber, corn, vegetables | corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits; fish |
| Airports | 19 (2000 est.) | 8 (2007) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2000 est.) |
total: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2007) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
13 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 11 (2000 est.) |
total: 2
under 914 m: 2 (2007) |
| Area | total:
181,040 sq km land: 176,520 sq km water: 4,520 sq km |
total: 430 sq km
land: 430 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Oklahoma | 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Following a five-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; over 1 million displaced people died from execution or enforced hardships. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside and touched off 13 years of fighting. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy, as did the rapid diminishment of the Khmer Rouge in the mid-1990s. A coalition government, formed after national elections in 1998, brought renewed political stability and the surrender of remaining Khmer Rouge forces. | The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islands remain a British overseas territory. |
| Birth rate | 33.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 21.48 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$363 million expenditures: $532 million, including capital expenditures of $225 million (2000 est.) |
revenues: $47 million
expenditures: $33.6 million (1997-98 est.) |
| Capital | Phnom Penh | name: Grand Turk (Cockburn Town)
geographic coordinates: 21 28 N, 71 08 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October |
| Climate | tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation | tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry |
| Coastline | 443 km | 389 km |
| Constitution | promulgated 21 September 1993 | Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2006 (effective 9 August 2006) |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea local short form: Kampuchea former: Khmer Republic, Kampuchea Republic |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands abbreviation: TCI |
| Currency | riel (KHR) | - |
| Death rate | 10.65 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Debt - external | $829 million (1999 est.) | $NA |
| Dependency status | - | overseas territory of the UK |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Kent M. WIEDEMANN embassy: 16-18 Mongkol lem St. 228, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 216-436 FAX: [855] (23) 216-437 |
none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Roland ENG chancery: 4500 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381 |
none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Disputes - international | portions of boundary with Vietnam are disputed; parts of border with Thailand are indefinite | have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder |
| Economic aid - recipient | $548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors | $4.1 million (1997) |
| Economy - overview | Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 4%. GDP growth for 2000 had been projected to reach 5.5%, but the worst flooding in 70 years severely damaged agricultural crops, and high oil prices hurt industrial production, and growth for the year is estimated at only 4%. Tourism is Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000. The long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and corruption within the government discourage foreign investment and delay foreign aid. On the brighter side, the government is addressing these issues with assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors. | The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, offshore financial services, and fishing. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than three-quarters of the 175,000 visitors that arrived in 2004. Major sources of government revenue also include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts. |
| Electricity - consumption | 136.7 million kWh (1999) | 10.76 million kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - production | 147 million kWh (1999) | 11.57 million kWh (2005) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
59.18% hydro: 40.82% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m |
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Blue Hills 49 m |
| Environment - current issues | illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; toxic waste delivery from Taiwan sparked unrest in Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville) in December 1998 | limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Marine Life Conservation, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% | black 90%, mixed, European, or North American 10% |
| Exchange rates | riels per US dollar - 3,909.0 (January 2001), 3,840.8 (2000), 3,807.8 (1999), 3,744.4 (1998), 2,946.3 (1997), 2,624.1 (1996) | the US dollar is used |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993) head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 30 November 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; prime minister appointed by the monarch after a vote of confidence by the National Assembly |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Richard TAUWHARE (since 11 July 2005)
head of government: Premier Michael Eugene MISICK (since 15 August 2003); note - the office of premier was created in the 2006 constitution cabinet: Cabinet consists of the governor, the premier, six ministers appointed by the governor from among the members of the House of Assembly, and the attorney general elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed premier by the governor |
| Exports | $942 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | NA bbl/day |
| Exports - commodities | timber, garments, rubber, rice, fish | lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells |
| Exports - partners | Vietnam 18%, Thailand 15%, US 10%, Singapore 8%, China 5% (1997) | US, UK (2006) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band | blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $16.1 billion (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
43% industry: 20% services: 37% (1998 est.) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,300 (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | 4% (2000 est.) | 4.9% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 13 00 N, 105 00 E | 21 45 N, 71 35 W |
| Geography - note | a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap | about 40 islands (eight inhabited) |
| Heliports | 3 (2000 est.) | - |
| Highways | total:
35,769 km paved: 4,165 km unpaved: 31,604 km (1997) |
- |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
2.9% highest 10%: 33.8% (1997) |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | possible money laundering; narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market | transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe |
| Imports | $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | NA bbl/day |
| Imports - commodities | cigarettes, gold, construction materials, petroleum products, machinery, motor vehicles | food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials |
| Imports - partners | Thailand 16%, Vietnam 9%, Japan 7%, Hong Kong 5%, China 5% (1997) | US, UK (2006) |
| Independence | 9 November 1953 (from France) | none (overseas territory of the UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | garments, tourism, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles | tourism, offshore financial services |
| Infant mortality rate | 65.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | total: 14.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 17 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1.6% (2000 est.) | 4% (1995) |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) | Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), UPU |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | 920 sq km (1993 est.) | NA |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority | Supreme Court; Court of Appeal |
| Labor force | 6 million (1998 est.) | 4,848 (1990 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 80% (1999 est.) | note: about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services |
| Land boundaries | total:
2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
13% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 11% forests and woodland: 66% other: 10% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 2.33%
permanent crops: 0% other: 97.67% (2005) |
| Languages | Khmer (official) 95%, French, English | English (official) |
| Legal system | primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years | based on laws of England and Wales, with a few adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas |
| Legislative branch | bicameral consists of the National Assembly (122 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms
elections: National Assembly - last held 26 July 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 41%, FUNCINPEC 32%, SRP 14%, other 13%; seats by party - CPP 64, FUNCINPEC 43, SRP 15; Senate - seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7 |
unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats of which 15 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 9 February 2007 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - PNP 60%, PDM 40%; seats by party - PNP 13, PDM 2 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
56.82 years male: 54.62 years female: 59.12 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 74.95 years
male: 72.69 years female: 77.32 years (2007 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 35% male: 48% female: 22% (1990 est.) |
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 98% male: 99% female: 98% (1970 est.) |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos | Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Central America and the Caribbean |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
24 NM continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | total:
295 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,305,932 GRT/1,853,487 DWT ships by type: bulk 22, cargo 237, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 3, container 8, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 7, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea passenger 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 3, South Korea 1, Malta 1, Panama 1, Russia 1, Singapore 1 (2000 est.) |
registered in other countries: 1 (Panama 1) (2007) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF), including Army, Navy, and Air Force - created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the two noncommunist resistance armies
note: Khmer Rouge and royalist insurgent forces were integrated into the RCAF in 1999 |
- |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $112 million (FY01 est.) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 3% (FY01 est.) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
2,877,137 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
1,610,761 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - military age | 18 years of age | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males:
162,643 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 9 November (1953) | Constitution Day, 30 August (1976) |
| Nationality | noun:
Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian |
noun: none
adjective: none |
| Natural hazards | monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts | frequent hurricanes |
| Natural resources | timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential | spiny lobster, conch |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 9.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| People - note | - | destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, and the US |
| Political parties and leaders | Buddhist Liberal Party or BLP [IENG MOULY]; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Khmer Citizen Party or KCP [NGUON SOEUR]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP (formerly Khmer Nation Party or KNP) [SAM RANGSI] | People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Floyd SEYMOUR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Michael Eugene MISICK] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 12,491,501
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.) |
21,746 (July 2007 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 36% (1997 est.) | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 2.25% (2001 est.) | 2.722% (2007 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh | - |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 7, FM 3, shortwave 3 (1999) | AM 2, FM 7, shortwave 0 (2003) |
| Radios | 1.34 million (1997) | - |
| Railways | total:
603 km narrow gauge: 603 km 1.000-m gauge |
- |
| Religions | Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5% | Baptist 40%, Anglican 18%, Methodist 16%, Church of God 12%, other 14% (1990) |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.89 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.036 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.106 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.073 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; rural areas have little telephone service domestic: NA international: adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) |
general assessment: fully digital system with international direct dialing
domestic: full range of services available; GSM wireless service available international: country code - 1-649; 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 21,800 (mid-1998) | 5,700 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 80,000 (2000) | 1,700 (1999) |
| Television broadcast stations | 5 (1999) | 0 (broadcasts received from The Bahamas; 2 cable television networks) (2003) |
| Terrain | mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north | low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps |
| Total fertility rate | 4.74 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 3.02 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 2.8% (1999 est.) | 10% (1997 est.) |
| Waterways | 3,700 km
note: navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 m or less; 282 km navigable to craft drawing as much as 1.8 m |
- |
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